Discuss and compare two legal transplants, with reference to AT LEAST Essay

Discuss and compare two legal transplants, with reference to AT LEAST ONE African or Asian legal system - Essay Example The main purpose of comparative law in this case is to provide a deeper knowledge on legal systems (Ritaine 11). From the general study of law, there is great awareness of the transfer of legal concepts, practices and organizations. Atleast in every nation, there has been the use of legal transplant during the development of the legal system; laws have been borrowed from one country to another. There is a lot of evidence that show cases the migration of legal systems from one country to another. It was evident during the adoption of Roman law by many countries; for example, there was a case of legal transfer from America after the World War II to other countries that had been defeated and the migration of legal system from western countries to the countries of the Eastern part of Europe. At the moment, due to globalization, there have been re-dimensions of the legal systems. This has led to the realization of concerns by the European Union, which wants harmonization of legal systems so as to curb the rising of international crime and terrorism (Negura 812). Despite this stand, legal transplant has stood to be one of China’s major legal systems that have seen it develop its legal system, while playing the major role in the transition of social systems. It has served as the best means for legal construction. The process in China began in about 1980. The government sat and agreed to setup a new legal system for the purpose of foreign investment, and it began by informing its major foreign embassies to collect joint venture laws from their respective countries of operation. Most government officials also attended major foreign courses dealing with foreign investment and taught by foreign lawyers and professors (Chenguang, â€Å"The Function†). This is the model of legal transplant relating to economy whereby individuals and groups gain a lot of benefit due to their investment through investments, learning

Cold War Essay Example for Free

Cold War Essay The end of the Cold War and the plurality of new issues on the global agenda, to which are referred in this document as well as other literary reviews, have been accompanied by increasing calls for rethinking the foundations of a Globalization Theory and Theories of Globalization or discipline. To differing scholars, Theories of Globalization thought appears to be out of touch with the ground-breaking changes in world politics, as well as deficient in how to explain them to the masses and interested parties. Justin Rosenberg, International Relations scholar, has suggested how strange it is for such momentous events, such as the collapse of Soviet Communism, the strains of European integration, and the economic growth of China (which presently contains one-fifth of the worlds population) and not be inclusive of theoretical logic within other theories. â€Å"These events, within Rosenberg’s Globalization Theory, are part of a gigantic world revolution of modernization, industrialization, nationalism, and globalization in which the West has been caught up for the last two hundred years, tend to be excluded from most International Relations theory. † (Tickner, 2001, p. 9) In popular usage, globalization is linked to the idea that advanced capitalism, aided by digital and electronic technologies, will eventually destroy local traditions and creates a homogenized, world culture. â€Å"Critics of globalization argue that human experience everywhere is becoming essentially the same. Long believed to be a fair characterization of life at the beginning of the twenty-first century† (Qin-Hilliard, 2004, p. 143) Given that globalization has by now come to mean so much, and so little, this paper will discuss globalization specifically as a mode of empire, as an imperial project that has historically operated simultaneously through domestic and foreign policy while obscuring the connections between multiple theories. Looking at everyday life in the industrial international markets and at the responses of the populace at local, national, and transnational scales allows for an approach that would help advance a critical understanding for studying globalization. Multiple Theories of Globalization have burgeoned over the last decade. Arguably, perhaps the most sophisticated critique of Globalization Theory is contained in Justin Rosenberg’s The Follies of Globalization Theory. Nevertheless, globalization remains an essentially contested concept, expressed in a range of important debates. â€Å"†¦there is an ongoing debate between those who believe that it is primarily mythological (or ideological) and those who believe that it is a new reality with important structural features. † (Held et al. 1999) â€Å"The proliferation of Theories of Globalization reflects the polytonality of the phenomena at hand. In this light, globalization can neither provide a new theoretical grand narrative nor be seen as the only path to economic development. We see Theories of Globalization above all as a framework to deal with social complexity (Mittelman 2000). Within the globalization framework we find a host of analytical tools, such as the dialectic between territorialization and de-territorialization, and the concepts of transnationalism, hybridity, and borderlands, which provide a more nuanced picture of the changing face of religious and cultural life in the Americas. † (Marquardt et al, 2003, p. 3) â€Å"There is something about the last three hundred years which sets them apart from all other epochs in human history. In the field of international relations this is especially obvious since these centuries see for the first time the emergence of a states-system which covers the entire planet. † (Rosenberg 1994, p. 1) Examining the capital mobility impacts on cash transfers in universal and corporatist conservative state contexts, none of the possible relationships between dimensions of international capital markets and cash income maintenance is consistent with conventional globalization theory. Rosenberg theorems outlines a broad historical materialist framework for analysis and then challenges the realist a statement or idea that the masses accept as self-evident or obvious. It can be accepted as a model that the geo-political core of the disciplines subject matter is philosophy the most general branch of metaphysics, concerned with the nature of being are distinct from the wider structures of social reproduction develops an ambitious and intellectually rich. â€Å"Stated logic is a pervasive version of Marxs social theory of capitalist society as an alternative (i. e. non-realist) way of understanding the modern international system. † (Rengger, 2000, p. 55) Globalization Theory assumes or explicitly argues that business will resist moderate-to-high levels of welfare provision that raise the reservation wage, create work disincentives, contribute to fiscal imbalances, and engender high taxes. Instead of being an outcome driven and explained by a multitude of interrelated processes and necessary preconditions, economic globalization has become conceptualized in mainstream economic thinking and radical political debates as the universal cause. In his provocative book The Follies of Globalization Theory, Rosenberg (2000, 2-3) offered a compelling critique of the use of globalization as the universal explanation by social/globalization theorists: The term globalization, after all, is at first sight merely a descriptive category, denoting either the geographical extension of social processes or possibly, as in the working definition, the intensification of worldwide social relations And the globalization theorists clearly intend something more than this. Explicit in much of Globalization Theory is the notion that international financial integration is particularly consequential for larger welfare states that significantly depart from market-conforming precepts. For example, â€Å"In this view, the social democratic welfare states of the Nordic countries and the generous occupationally based social insurance systems of continental Europe are under especially strong pressures to reduce costs and restructure along market conforming lines. On the other hand, alternative theoretical argument highlights institutional features of these welfare states (e. g. , universalism and its political correlates) that may buffer them from the economic and political pressures flowing from globalization. † (Swank, 2002, p. 10) Related institutionalized international order is also, (defined and recognized as a society with obligations and responsibilities exist and grow by virtue of membership and especially by virtue of the express consent given by states to international law), the chief mechanism for regulating and monitoring international order. â€Å"However, most important of all, cosmopolitan liberals emphasize that growing institutionalization is the only way in which liberal forms can be globalized, especially in the context of globalization theory. † (Rengger, 2000, p. 106) Justin Rosenberg writings continued to suggest dominating influence of stability or order versus justice, which abstract from real-world issues. Rosenberg call for theory grounded in historical and social analyses is intrinsic to in his Globalization Theory which will be compared to Theories of Globalization as this paper progress. â€Å"He suggests that global issues can be better explained through narrative forms of explanation rather than social-scientific methodologies of conventional International Relationship. † (Tickner, 2001, p. 9) International economic scholars, based on postulates of past findings, have made a significant contribution to the study of economic globalization through theorization of its inherent occupation of space and sheer quantity of material. The distinctive contribution of Globalization Theory and Theories of Globalization within the crowed study of social, economic, cultural, and political has yielded increasingly single and autonomous global environment. Not accepting the policy of some scholars and instead describing the terminology as unclear or too vague and useless for understanding contemporary global economic change, many researchers and analysts embrace the important reasoning of how and why globalization will be a standard for discipline for the foreseeable future, â€Å" †¦as mutually constitutive material processes and ideological discourses, not the least because the term has now gained so much currency in the political and business world. In the context of his critique of international relations and globalization studies, Rosenberg argued that we need to take Globalization Theory s seriously, since its claims combine to exercise a kind of theoretical veto over other, more valuable resources for understanding both the contemporary world in general and its international politics in particular. (Yeung, 2002, p. 285)

The Power Of Positive Thinking

The Power Of Positive Thinking Discovering happiness is like discovering yourself. You do not find happiness, you create it. Happiness is a conscious choice. Self actualization is the method used to discover who you are, who you want to be, and what happiness is to you. Ultimately, attaining genuine happiness is the method of doing what brings you the most pleasure and contentment for the duration of your life. The texts The Power of Positive Thinking by Norman Vincent Peale and Siddhartha written by Hermann Hesse, elucidate the actuality that happiness is a pathless journey. It is a journey of self creation and varies depending on the individual. Happiness is obtained through internal possessions opposed to external possessions. Within both novels happiness is said to be attained through positive personal thoughts and perceptions, and through the trials and errors of self actualization and enlightenment. However, happiness is not pursuable through money and materialistic objects. This discovery is structured arou nd the realization that true happiness lays within ones self. Searching for contentment and pleasure in the outside world will inevitably only lead to disappointment due to the detail that these forms of happiness do not have a lasting effect; their result is short term. Within the text The Power of Positive Thinking happiness is believed to be attained through positive personal thoughts and perceptions. Although it is not easy to find true happiness in ones self, it is not feasible to find it elsewhere. With the realization that happiness is something that lies within ones self, the search for it in the outside world can be disregarded. Within the text The Power of Positive Thinking, Peale discusses the concept that through thinking the kind of thoughts that lead you to a fuller and satisfying success, opposed to thoughts that will only bring an acquisitive success. Norman gives explanation of this by saying, You can think your way to failure and unhappiness, but you can also think your way to success and happiness. The world in which you live is not primarily determined by outward conditions and circumstances but by thoughts that habitually occupy your mind (Peale, pg 166). This quote illustrates how thoughts can influence ones disposition and life. Thoughts are far more than a process the mind uses to consider something, they are dictators of happiness. Thoughts are things, which essentially posses forceful power. The mind generates infinite amounts of thoughts each day. Thoughts are what consume, influence, and ultimately give morality and principals to people; they are essential guidelines to life. So the belief that if one thinks positively positivity will be generated around, and inevitably create happiness, is basically correct. Peale illustrates this concept by saying, It has been said that thoughts are things, that they actually posses dynamic power. Judged by the power they exercise one can readily accept such an appraisal. You can actually think yourself into or out of situations. You can make yourself ill with your thoughts and by the same token you can make yourself well by the use of a different and healing type of thought. Think one way and you attract the conditions which that type of thinking indicates. Think another way and you can create an entirely different set of conditions. Conditions are created by thoughts far more powerfully then conditions create thoughts (Peale, pg 166). This quote exemplifies how thoughts can generate negative or positive facets. Ultimately generating positive thoughts brings happiness, and affirming results. Thinking positively will create an atmosphere crucial to producing inner happiness. Within the text Siddhartha, the suggestion that happiness is attained through positive and optimistic thoughts is epitomized. Within the text, the protagonist Siddhartha embarks on an expedition of self enlightenment. This consists of listening to ones inner self to generate happiness opposed to the disarray of the outside world. Siddhartha was raised by his father in a small town located in India. He was educated on the subject of the ancient Hindu religions. However, Siddhartha becomes pessimistic about the teachings, and decides to set out into the world to observe and learn alternative answers to his questions regarding life and happiness. Siddharthas Hindu teachings did not fulfill sufficient explanations about the world. Unsurprisingly, Siddhartha ventures beyond his small village with his childhood friend Govinda, who wishes to reside within Siddharthas shadow, in hopes that he will become profitable with knowledge and wealth. After three years of regularly practiced meditatio n and fasting Siddhartha desires to achieve the enlightenment that the Buddha has achieved through listening to his inner thoughts and perceptions opposed to the madness of the outside world. In relevance to the text, The Power of Positive Thinking, the concept of obtaining a meaningful life is exemplified through listening to ones conscious; rather than following other individuals teachings. Ultimately, happiness is a self established thing. Hesse illustrates this concept by saying, I, also, would like to look and smile, sit and walk like that, so free, so worthy, so restrained, so candid, so childlike and mysterious. A man only looks and walks like that when he has conquered his Self. I also will conquer my SelfNo other teachings will attract me, since this mans teachings have not done so (Hesse, pg 29). This specific quote exhibits Siddharthas desire to amalgamate with his sense of self. He is certain in his belief that if he unites with his inner self, he will ultimately find happiness and be enlightened. He begins to concentrate his thoughts, and focus on being positive. He comes to the realization that happiness is derived from spiritual wealth opposed to material wealth. So ultimately he believes that generating positive thoughts and perceptions will lead him on his pursuit of happiness. He believes that there is a profound and powerful influence of ones thought. Hesse demonstrates this by exclaiming, Siddhartha spoke with ecstasy; deeply, this enlightenment had enlightened him. Oh, was not all suffering time, as soon as time would have been put out of existence by ones thoughts? In ecstatic delight, he had spoken, but Vasudeva smiled at him brightly and nodded in confirmation; silently he nodded, brushed his hands over Siddharthas shoulder, turned back to his work (Hesse, pg 50). This quotation from the text Siddhartha illustrates the idea that ones thoughts whether they are negative or positive have a significant impact on achieving happiness. Siddhartha refers to this by saying, All that we are is the result of what we have thought. If a man speaks or acts with an evil thought, pain follows him. If a man speaks or acts with a pure thought, happiness follows him, like a shadow that never leaves him (pg 67). This quotation is basically elucidating the notion that if you think negatively, negative effects will occur in your life. However, if you have a positive frame of mind, positive effects will occur within your life, and follow you throughout your existence. Ultimately, Siddhartha is on a journey to attain his self created inner peace. Both texts, The Power of Positive Thinking and Siddhartha illustrates the profound impact of thinking positively and how it can help obtain happiness. Throughout the text The Power of Positive Thinking happiness is considered to be attainable through the trials and errors of self actualization and enlightenment. Within the text, Peale exclaims that the only individual who decides ones happiness is that specific individual. On this journey of self actualization that Peale discussions throughout his text, there are key elements that facilitate the discovery of ones self. An individuals self is made up of numerous amounts of experiences. Some of these being positive, some negative. These experiences, all have one similar fixation; they all have a particular emotion attached to them. Some of these experiences are guilt, anger, sadness, excitement, love, hate, resentment, and of course happiness. These experiences are the trials and errors to achieving ones self. Unfortunately, people require the negative, to achieve the positive. If there were only positive experiences and emotions in the world, people would not be able to identify tru e happiness. This concept demonstrates how societies need trials and errors to finding ones self, in order to achieve true happiness. Peale expands on this idea by saying, As you read these words you may say, there is nothing new. Indeed, there is something new in every experience, good or bad, especially if you have never tried it. When you start to take practice in the method of finding positive within the negative, you will find the newest, freshest, most astonishing method of happy and successful living principals of all your life if you have never made use of them. Such inefficiency in living is tragic. For a man to have lived in poverty when all the time right on his doorstep is gold indicates an unintelligence approach to life. This simple philosophy is the way to life (Peale, pg 64). This particular quote exemplifies the notion that one cannot achieve happiness without knowing despair. However, to live a life of misery, completely oblivious to the reality that happiness is right in front of you is ultimately living an unfortunate life. However, some people choose to become ignorant to attainable happiness because they have found comfort in their unconstructive life. Ultimately, this is the life of an individual who has become trapped in the trial and error process of finding their own sense of self. Peale comments on this concept by saying, In saying this I certainly do not ignore or minimize the hardships and tragedies of the world, but neither do I allow them to dominate. You can permit obstacles to control your mind to the point where they are uttermost and thus become the dominating factors in your thought pattern. By learning how to cast them from the mind, and refusing to become mentally subservient to them, and by challenging spiritual power through your thoughts you can rise above obstacles which ordinarily might defeat you. You need be defeated only if you are willing to be. You can embark on the inner journey of self discovery, through trials and errors, but ultimately if you are persistent in your efforts you will be able to rise above, and obtain an inner happiness (Peale, pg 5). This exemplifies the notion that eventually, if persistent in ones efforts to discover their inner self, unwilling to allow the trials and errors of such a task to defeat them, happiness is bound to emerge into the individuals life. The inevitable enlightenment of such an experience will alter the thought pattern of the individual ensuring a true and lasting inner happiness. Within the text Siddhartha, is the journey into the inner psyche to ultimately achieve a sense of self actualization and enlightenment. Siddhartha is open to undergo any experience for the chance to have insight into his self. He believes that through achieving self actualization he will inevitable become enlightened causing continuous happiness. Siddhartha compares this strength of mind to a stone being dropped into the water. He says, It is the same when Siddhartha has an aim, a goal. Siddhartha does nothing; he waits, he thinks, he fasts, but he goes through the affairs of the world like the stone through the water, without doing anything, without bestirring himself; he is drawn and lets himself fall. He is drawn by his goal, for he does not allow anything to enter his mind which opposes his goal (Hesse, pg 24). Siddhartha is determined to attain his self actualization and he is certain it will lead him to inner happiness. He does not let anything distract him from this pursuit of self; ultimately becoming consumed by his journey. This directly relates to the text The Power of Positive Thinking, when Norman Peale discusses the concern of an individual becoming overly devoted to this pursuit of self, and becoming disillusioned; ultimately becoming trapped within the trial and error process of self actualization. Furthermore, within the texts, The Power of Positive Thinking, and Siddhartha, happiness is believed to be attainable through the trials and errors of self actualization. Within the text The Power of Positive Thinking, Norman Vincent Peale eludes the actuality that happiness is not pursuable through money and materialistic objects. There is an evolving obsession in society with money and materialistic happiness. It seems that the recognizable quote money cannot buy happiness is irrelevant to todays society. However, repeatedly comprehending this quote has not had a significant effect on societys analysis of what true happiness is. To Norman Vincent Peale, happiness does not lie within the riches of society. True happiness is defined by ones acceptance and contentment with their inner self. Peale elucidates this concept by saying, By working on the practical suggestion of not focusing on the false versions of happiness; outwardly concepts, you will have the experience that produces a true quality of happiness. I know this is so, because many of those to whom I have referred and shall refer in later chapters got their vital new life in the same way. Then, having been changed inwardly, you will begin to create out of yourself not unhappiness, but a happiness of such a quality and character that you will wonder if you are living the same world. As a matter of fact it wont be the same world because you are not the same, and what you are determines the world in which you live, so as you change, your world changes also (Peale, pg 67). Ultimately Peale is stating that if individuals seeking true happiness focus solely on the outwardly world to supply them with fulfillment, they will never achieve a definite form of happiness. Peale believes in a genuine happiness that does not exist in money, cars, houses, and materialistic objects, but inside each individual. He is convinced that happiness is something that is obtained inwardly opposed to outwardly. Peale describes how happiness is truly achieved by stating, The way to happiness is not through the riches of the outward world, but by keeping your heart free from hate, your mind from worry. Live simply, expect little, and give much. Fill your life with love. Scatter sunshine. Forget self, think of others. Do as you would be done by. Our happiness depends on the habit of mind we cultivate; the inward you. So practice happy thinking every day. Cultivate the merry heart, develop the happiness habit, and life will become a continual feast (Peale, pg 73). This quotation exemplifies the idea that lasting happiness is not attainable through money and materialistic objects; rather by a simpler approach. True and everlasting happiness is attained inwardly by each individual. Within the novel Siddhartha, happiness is not obtained through the outward world, or by means of teachings. Happiness is a self established thing. True happiness to Siddhartha is only attainable through the inward path to enlightenment. Such enlightenment can be achieved through meditation, which takes ones soul on a spiritual journey to assist in the self actualization process. Siddhartha illustrates this by saying, He who ponderingly, of a purified spirit, loses himself in the meditation of Atman, inexpressible by words is his blissfulness of his heart (Hesse, pg 17). This quote can be scrutinized and translated into saying that anyone has the possibility of achieving peace and happiness within their soul if they are uncontaminated in their meditations. Although this particular quote directly relates to Buddhism in Siddharthas time era, we can compare it to todays journey for happiness. If individuals in pursuit of happiness attempt to empty their minds of negativities and frustrations through mediation, it is possible to attain satisfaction in a world with no materialistic objects and things that hold people back from achieving true happiness. To Siddhartha, the goal here is to let go. Also, within the text Siddhartha, the achievement of happiness can only occur when one replaces all of the negative and false ideas of happiness; these being money and materialistic possessions, with positive and genuine ideas. This concept is elucidated by Siddhartha when he states, To enjoy good health, to bring true happiness to ones family, to bring peace to all, one must first discipline and control ones own mind. If a man can control his mind he can find the way to enlightenment, and all wisdom and virtue will naturally come to him. (Hesse, pg 62). Essentially this quote illuminates the idea that true happiness is not created upon the foundation of money and materialistic possessions, but is rather achieved through the redirection of ones mind into a positive and simpler mindset. True happiness is not something that can be discovered; essentially it can only be created. Throughout the texts The Power of Positive Thinking by Norman Vincent Peale and Siddhartha written by Herman Hesse, is the expression that happiness is a pathless journey; it is a journey of self creation and varies depending on the individual. Within Siddhartha, happiness is in essence, the path to nirvana. Additionally, happiness is a self established thing, which is derived directly from experience. If you undergo this experience within life, when you return, you will be much more fulfilled and find it effortless to achieve true happiness. Appearing within the text The Power of Positive Thinking, is the concept that happiness can be attained through a simple formula of redirecting the mindset in a positive direction. Within both novels happiness is said to be attained through positive personal thoughts and perceptions, and through the trials and errors of self actualization and enlightenmen t. However, happiness is not pursuable through money and materialistic objects. This detection is prearranged around the comprehension that true happiness lays within you. Additionally individuals who are convinced that happiness is defined by riches and outer wealths will never achieve a definite happiness. Furthermore to believe that one can find happiness in money and materialistic objects is having the belief in an illusion, and ultimately a faà §ade.

My Star- Lesbian Relationship :: Personal Narrative Relationships Papers

My Star I sat on the edge of her bed, with my head in my hands, crying. My heart was pounding and adrenaline rushed through my veins, making me feel sick to my stomach. I couldn't make myself calm down. I couldn't even take a breath. My hands trembled as I wiped the hair out of my eyes. I glanced through my tears at Star, huddled in the corner of her bright yellow room. She was curled up in a ball with her head on her knees, shaking. I stared, wondering what she was thinking, and what I should do. I wanted so badly to go comfort her as we both cried, but I felt as though I could never touch her again. I felt dirty, even evil. I began to question every belief I'd ever had, even who I was. I looked back down to the ground, and watched everything fade away as more tears formed in my eyes. I wanted to just disappear, to leave my body behind, and not have to deal with what was about to happen. My roommate Star and I had decided to go to Tampa to visit her family for the weekend. She stood over my bed one Friday morning, watching me sleep. I opened my eyes and smiled expecting her to crawl in like she did every morning after her first class, but instead she asked " You wanna come to Tampa with me?" She had a huge, fake smile on her face, as if she was saying please. I didn't hesitate. "Sure," I said as I made room for her next to me. How could I say no to Star, especially when she smiled at me like that? I didn't care where we were going, but I knew I didn't want to spend a weekend with out her. Star was the only child of two extremely religious parents, and attended Catholic school her whole life. She was very sheltered, and modest, whereas I am a very open-minded, liberal person, who is anything but modest. She was Hispanic, and had dark brown, short, curly hair, that she always hid with a bandana. Her eyes were almost black, and were so mysterious and deep that I could stare into them and get lost. She wore pointy, black glasses that I called her "sassy librarian glasses." She dressed how my friends would describe as "dykey.

Satirical Mouthpiece in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Typically when you hear â€Å"19th century literature,† you think of the formal and monotonous, yet gramatically and contextually correct writing of authors such as Charles Dickens and Harriet Beecher Stowe; but one author stood out among them and his name was Mark Twain. Twain started a new trend of including new aspects of writing into his pieces such as voice, dialect, and satire. The one particular book written by Mark Twain that is known to be the beginning of American literature called The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, contains all three of these aspects. In the book, Twain uses the main character and narrator, Huck, to utilize his voice, dialect, and satire. Huck serves as a satirical mouthpiece for the author’s attitude by fulfilling his role as the naive narrator. There is a specific passage in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn that accurately portrays the satire that Twain is trying to bestow upon the reader involving a character by the name of Emmeline Grangerford, a sentimental artist. Huck is inspecting the art of Emmeline and expressing his feelings about them in the text. If you read Huck’s explanations without examining the underlying meanings you will find that Huck is completely clueless as to the artists’ sentimental intentions. He evaluates one picture called â€Å"Shall I Never See Thee More Alas† by describing a woman â€Å"under a weeping willow† (Twain 119) in a graveyard, another picture with a woman â€Å"crying into a handkerchief† (Twain 119), and yet another with a crying woman about to jump off a bridge. All three of these illustrations are obvious cliches of sentimental art of the 19th century. Huck looks at the images and simply sees â€Å"nice pictures† (Twain 119), not realizing the intent of the artist, Emmeline. This is an excellent example of Huck’s role as the naive narrator. His lack of understanding provides a completely different take on the art than Mark Twain actually feels. Twain’s main intention of the passage is to poke fun at the sentimentalists’ artwork. He includes Huck’s explanations such as bulges on a dress â€Å"like a cabbage† (Twain 119), and â€Å"black slippers, like a chisel† (Twain 119) to mock the sentimental art which was poplular at the time that he wrote the book. Writing the passage in Huck’s point of view allowed Twain to add satire to the story by making Huck’s comments so cliche and ridiculous that it is obvious that this is not actually the way that Twain feels about the sentimental artwork. This is why the character of Huck, being as clueless as he is in the book, is necessary for him to serve as the author’s satirical mouthpiece. Huckleberry Finn is certainly not the typical narrator of a book. To understand the context of the writing, one must decipher what is actually occuring in the story and what Huck thinks is occuring because of his role as the naive narrator. Although this makes the book more difficult to comprehend, it also makes it more interesting to read and allows the author, Mark Twain, to include such factors of voice, dialect, and satire. The narrator’s conception of the storyline is extremely important to the book. Huck serves as a satirical mouthpiece for the author’s attitude by fulfilling his role as the naive narrator.

Chiral Center Definition in Chemistry

Chiral Center Definition in Chemistry Chiral Center Definition A chiral center is defined as an atom in a molecule that is bonded to four different chemical species, allowing for optical isomerism. It is a stereocenter that holds a set of atoms (ligands) in space such that the structure may not be superimposed on its mirror immage. Chiral Center Examples The central carbon in serine is a chiral carbon. The amino group and hydrogen can rotate about the carbon. While chiral centers in organic chemistry tend to be carbon atoms, other common atoms include phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur. Metal atoms may also serve as chiral centers. Sources Mislow, Kurt; Siegel, Jay (1984). Stereoisomerism and local chirality. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 106 (11): 3319. doi:10.1021/ja00323a043Solomons, T. W. Graham; Fryhle, Craig (2004).  Organic Chemistry  (8th ed.). John Wiley Sons.