The Importance Of A Early Assessment And Coaching

Without establishing that he or she has competence, even excellence in certain areas - it diminishes the ability to influence others to achieve the same thing. Acquiring task competence takes commitment, hard work, and experience. There is no other way to develop expertise in the tasks of ministry. This does not mean the leader has to have all of the task competence, but they need enough to be able to model it and make parallel connections between tasks. Without this, the other areas are already undermined. It’s not just that assessment is needed, good quality assessment is needed early in the process. Need to Assess to inform Coaching Early Assessment and coaching are Interwoven For many large church-planting organizations, early assessment and the initial phases of coaching are interwoven and constantly informing one another. For example, church planting leaders will set up informal meetings over coffee or a meal to ask questions of a potential planter to learn more about them while at the same time offering suggestions and insights appropriate to the candidate’s particular situation. The scope of church planting opportunities is still broad at this stage, so the expertise of a church planting leader can help a candidate hone in on what is most important. This is also the opportunity for a leader to discern any big life situations or roadblocks to planting that may mean the timing is not right to go any further with the process until those things are resolved.Show MoreRelatedProfessional Learning And Technology Innovation Course926 Words   |  4 Pagescompleted an Individual Teacher Technology Assessment using Knight’s (2007), Partnership A pproach. In this artifact, I was able to assess and coach a colleague in integrating instructional technology. Throughout our partnership, I was able to keep a coaching journal to record what I had learned, discuss the challenges that I faced, the coaching strategies that I used, and the impact of technology integration. The Individual Teacher Technology Assessment artifact demonstrates my ability to researchRead MoreCoaching Process Exercise And Inventory Self Assessment Questionnaire1640 Words   |  7 PagesCoaching is a short term process used to enhance the development of an employee. Coaching is valuable to the organization as a whole. A coachee need for development must be purposeful to realize development. Before beginning the coaching process, you must ensure that you understand what your role as coach is, that your coachee is aware of their responsibilities, and that the environment in which the coaching takes place is conducive to this activity (Coaching Skills for Managers, n.d.). Hay GroupRead MoreDeveloping Others For Successful Outcomes1374 Words   |  6 Pagessuccessful operations. Without the right people a business is just walls and capital equipment incapable of generating value. People are the brains of an operation, ensuring the rest of the body understands the response re quired to function. The importance of putting the right person in the right position can prove a daunting task. Every person is unique with a different mental and physical makeup. This make up shapes a person’s beliefs and attitudes. Putting a personality that is square in a roundRead MoreA Statement On Building A Foundation1193 Words   |  5 Pagesyoung professional earning approximately $100,000. He has a savings and checking account and no debt. Bill wants to learn ways to handle his money. Prior to starting the session with Bill, I asked him if we could pray. I explained to Bill the importance of inviting the Lord and allowing the wisdom and guidance from the Holy Spirit in every session. After prayer, I explained to Bill what a Christian financial coach does for their clients. A Christian financial coach follows Jesus Christ and assistsRead MoreThe No Chiuld Left Behind Act Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesFrancisco Unified School District, central administrative teams began a tra nsition phase starting as early as four to five years ago when Common Core State Standards were introduced to low performing schools. As the Instructional Reform Facilitator during that time, it was exciting because new and more robust learning/content standards also required a change in our approach to instruction and assessment. This was the lever in my mind that this could help close the achievement gap. However this new initiativeRead MoreProfessional Learning And Technology Innovation Course Essay857 Words   |  4 PagesIn the ITEC 7460 Professional Learning and Technology Innovation course, I completed an Individual Teacher Technology Assessment using Knight’s (2007), Partnership Approach. The purpose of this artifact was to assess the technological need of a teacher and coach that teacher in effectively implementing digital tools. Using a Loti Questionnaire, six-point Likert Scale, and interviews, I assessed Mrs. Smith, an AP Calculus Teacher, to determine her leve l of technology use, her attitudes towards changeRead MoreThe Teacher Assistants Of Canadian International Collage, Ahram Canadian University, Modern And Science Academy Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pagesfor their team as the need arises. Coaching is driven by a questions addressed to the coachee. .coaching become a popular title that is being used by a lot of professionals often with no training .coaching is also solving problem, setting goals and learn new behaviours. The coaching programs was a satisfying experience for personal growth and professional development. Coaching is differ according to the culture ,this paper will illustrate the impact of coaching on employees and how to applyingRead MoreThe Leadership Development Plan From The Corporate And Executive Development Centre1650 Words   |  7 Pagesand towards stimulating the company’s leaders to master personal behavioural changes required in supporting the operational tasks. The Corporate and Management Devel opment Centre will outline observations that will contribute towards an accurate assessment of the status quo at Connections and diagnose potential areas for intervention. On the basis of the before mentioned observations, with consideration of industry practice, a leadership development initiative will be presented, with emphasis on stimulatingRead MoreAn Academic Critique Of A Research Article By Karen L. Gischlar And Joanne P. Vesay Essay1598 Words   |  7 Pagesentitled: Literacy Curricula and Assessment: A Survey of Early Childhood Educators in two States. I was attracted to this article because being an early educator myself, I know how important literacy instructions is in the early years. It intrigued me to read about the types of curricula and assessment used by other educators to assess young children learning. The purpose of the article was to survey early childhood educators regarding their literacy practices and the assessments implemented in their classroomRead MoreE vidence-Based Practices For Youth Offenders1343 Words   |  6 Pagesthose youth with dual diagnosis, approximately 30 percent have lost the ability to function as a result of their disorder (SAMHSA, 2017). Therefore, to determine the best treatment plan for youth offenders, evidence-based practices focus on the importance of informed decision making in order to meet the needs of each individual client. Furthermore, in order to promote change and influence policy makers, the evidence-based practice must be researched and studied and prove to be effective (Mihalic

Andy Warhol s Influence On Society Essay - 1614 Words

Andy Warhol was extremely unique and influential during his time and still is today. He is known for using celebrities and material items in his artwork in almost satirical but also nostalgic way. American culture intrigue him in many ways and because of that he was known for focusing on pop culture icons and also daily goods that the average consumer would have in their household. Beginning at the young age of eight years old and he begins to shape his artistic abilities which molded him into the artist we know today. Andy, â€Å"What’s great about this country is that America started the tradition where the richest consumers buy essentially the same things as the poorest. You can be watching TV and see Coca-Cola, and you can know that the President drinks Coke. Liz Taylor drinks Coke, and just think, you can drink Coke, too.† (BrainyQuote) Andy Warhol was born on August 6, 1928 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania as Andrew Worhola. Both of Andy s parents were Slovakia n immigrants his father was a construction worker and his mother was an embroiderer. Throughout Andy’s entire life him and his family attended mass regularly and were devout Catholics. When Andy was only eight years old he contracted a sometimes fatal and rare disease called Chorea. This disease was known to attack the nervous system and it left Andy in bed sick for months. At this time during several months where Andy was stuck in bed his mother began to give him drawing lessons. He would later sayShow MoreRelatedAndy Warhol s Influence On Society1939 Words   |  8 PagesAndy Warhol was a Commercial Illustrator, Artist, Filmmaker, and Author. Andy Warhol’s parents came from a village in the Carpathian Mountains, what we known as Slovakia. Andy was the third child born to his Czechoslovakian immigrant parents in a the social group consisting of people who are employed for wages in the community of Pittsburgh. Growing up, Andy was very intelligent and creative. By the age of eight years old Andy came down with rheumatic an abnormally high body temperature that causedRead MoreWarhol : A Artist And A Prominent Figure Into The Pop Art Movement1300 Words   |  6 PagesAndy Warhol was a multimedia artist and a prominent figure in the Pop Art Movement. Andr ew Warhola was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. From 1945 to 1949, Warhola studied at the Carnegie Institute of Technology. In 1949, he moved and settled in New York and changed his surname to Warhol. He then worked as a Commercial artist. In the earlier years of the 1960’s, Warhol enjoyed experimenting with large mass advertisements, magazines, and other images. In 1962, he started working on the Marilyn MonroeRead MoreAndy Warhol s Influence On Modern Art1561 Words   |  7 Pagesin the course, Andy Warhol is definitely one of the most influential. Far ahead of his time in thinking and talented in several media forms, Warhol was a product of his time and defined his era with the use of his artwork, giving rise to other artists within the same time period. This paper will argue that Warhol was not only an influence to modern art, he defined the concept of pop art, which combined consumerism and pop culture, creating works that questioned the norm of society at the time, wh ileRead MorePop Art As A Form Of Art1014 Words   |  5 Pageswas named by the art critic Lawrence Alloway. At first the public didn t accept Pop Art as a form of art. It was later accepted by many critics. The critics felt it showed that technology and media where starting to make a considerable change in society. Pop Art was a way of taking everyday objects and putting them into a painting or drawing in an abstract way. Comic books, ads, and food wrappers are some examples of what art was made during the era. The purpose of Pop Art was thought to bring backRead MoreAndrew Warhola was born in 1928, in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. He majored in pictorial design at the1100 Words   |  5 Pageshe moved to New York where he started working as a commercial artist and illustrator for several magazines, Vogue, The New Yorker, and Harper’s Bazaar. In the 1950’s, Warhola had a successful job as a commercial artist, earning several awards for his talents and soon shortens his name to Warhol (Andy Warhol // Biography). Andy Warhol was an American artist who was known as a leading figure in the visual art movement in pop art. He explored the relationships between artistic expressions, commercialRead MoreEssay about Pop Art’s Response to Mass Consumerism1133 Words   |  5 Pagesmagazin es, movies, †¦ and even [brand name] bottles and cans† to convey a message about the artist’s views on society. Using bold coloured paintings, soft sculptures, and printmaking, artists would create facsimiles, similar reproductions of popular merchandise and collages. The purpose was to emphasize the banality of any given mass culture. This was a response the post-war conservative society which focused on consumerism and the consumption of name-brand products. The American economy had significantlyRead MoreThe Pop Art Movement Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pagesa British art critic in 1950’s. The name â€Å"Pop Art† reflected on the â€Å"familiar imagery of the contemporary urban environment† (kleiner, 981). This art form was popular for its bold and simple looks plus its bright and vibrant colors. An example of this type of art is the oil painting done by Andy Warhol, â€Å"Marilyn Diptych† (Warhol, Marilyn Diptych) in 1962. The Pop ar t movement became known in the mid-1950 and continued as main type of art form until the late 1960’s. The Pop art movement, was aRead MoreThe Pop Art Movement : An International Phenomenon1438 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational phenomenon that began in the 1950’s in which artists like Roy Lichtenstein and Andy Warhol sought to initiate fresh thinking in art. The term Pop Art is credited to the British art critic Lawrence Alloway and is short for â€Å"popular art† which referred to the popular mass culture and familiar imagery of the contemporary urban environment. This movement was a comment and expansion on the then popular ideas of the Abstract Impressionism movement. Fred S. Kleiner says of pop artists, [they] revivedRead MoreHumanism : A Progressive Philosophy Of Life1128 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent challenges than Andy Warhol to get his name accredited into the art community in the late 1900s. Basquiat was an American artist born in Brooklyn, New York. He was born to a Haitian father and a Puerto Rican mother. Do you really believe that Basquiat got the same resources, opportunities, and acclaim as Andy Warhol who was the product of immigrants from Slovakia? Although both artist are not from the U.S. and are presented as a minority group in the 1900s, Warhol on site passes off as aRead MoreEssay about Andy Warhol1980 Words   |  8 Pages Andy Warhol Never before have I encountered more intriguing works of art than those done by Andy Warhol. I have been curious about his life ever since I saw his work in Milwaukee. I saw his famous work of the Campbells Soup Can. By viewing this, one can tell he is not your average artist. Im sure his life is full of interesting events that shaped him into who he was. As an artist myself, I would like to get to know the background of his life. I may then be able to appreciate his styles and understand

China Town Free Essays

string(56) " simplified lines and geometrical patterns to decorate\." 1. 0 Introduction During the 19th century, Malaya had been colonised by the British and many Chinese and Indian had migrates to Malaya. As a city, Kuala Lumpur had become the most crowded and fast development place. We will write a custom essay sample on China Town or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many colonial and migrations stay at Kuala Lumpur. Through colonisation and migration, both knowledge and methods of house construction had been adapted to the Malaya architecture during that time. Therefore there are many heritage buildings especially the Chinese shop houses had been influence by the foreign design. In this essay, I had make a field trip to Petaling Street to collect photographs of shophouses. Through the characteristic of the design of the shophouses I need to identify the Malaysia and foreign design influences of the traditional shop houses in Petaling Street. Description and contrast had been made of the influences of the shop houses by comparing the buildings which the structures had been influence by. 2. 0 Background 2. 1 British Colonisation In Malaysia During 19-20 Century Figure 1: Tin mine Tim mining, a popular activity amongst there and they increases many Chinese workers to migrates to Malaya (figure 1). Chinese migrates brought their tradition dwelling design where the two storey Chinese shop houses becomes common. â€Å"During British colonise Malaya, many public and private building had been built by the British which contain the mixture of architecture styles such as Renaissance, Palladia, Neoclassical and revived Gothic because Kuala Lumpur has become the Federal Capital and Headquarters of the Resident General. † (Mohammad Iza,(2010),p. 45. ) 2. 2 Shophouses Before 1880’s Chinese shophouses was a very simple construction of one storey houses which only use wooden parts supporting on attap roof which is open to the street. While the rear section of the shophouses was usually built on piles over a river to facilitate the delivery of goods. Most of the construction is use the locally available materials combine with Chinese architecture influence. Therefore curved gable are glazed ornamental tiles are some of the Chinese shop houses characteristic. Moreover the stucco decorations is the intention of which was to emphasis the character and background of the owner. The early shophouses are build in rows with uniforms facades and a continuous, covered five-foot way in front (figure 2). There are also jack roof on the shop houses which rise above the main roof to allowed accumulated hot air in the house to escape (figure 3). Besides that, there is also low rickety, shuttered window on the front of the first floor. Figure 2: Five-foot way Figure 3: Jack roof â€Å"Before World War II, the commercial centre of every Malaysian town was featured by one or more streets lined with usually two storeys high shophouses, where trading were occurred at the lower floor and the upper floors as residential accommodation area. † (Anon,(2008),p. 44. However, the position of the shop and residential space might be different depending on the number of floors of a shophouse. For an example, a single story shophouse tends to include residential area behind the shop; while for the shophouses of two or more storeys have residential space typically located above the shop. Early masonry shophouses were often built around 6-7 metres wide and 30 metres deep occasionally extended to 60 metres according to its location. They were often built in rows with uniform facades and a covered five-foot way in front of the shophouse. The five-foot way was first imposed by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, a British colonial administration that founded the city of Singapore in 1822. †(online,www. wikipedia. com). It is an old practice specifying that all shophouses should include a minimum five-foot-wide veranda on the ground floor. This building tradition addressed the extremes of the tropical sun and rain, and created pedestrian linkages at ground level. These shaded areas were conducive to the shopkeepers by providing an extra space area to displaying their products (figure 4) . Apart from that, the typical Chinese shophouse was built in rows with a common wall between each unit. The walls that separate the shophouses are generally constructed by local manufactured baked clay. They are structural, load bearing walls to transfer the weight of the roof and upper floors down to the ground. Besides, the front of the shophouse on the ground floor has no walls, enabling goods to be displayed along the full width (figure 5) . Since the shophouse has no front walls, the front will be boarded up with fitted timber panels and secured with horizontal bars to lock up the shop. In addition, to ventilate the shophouse, a central courtyard can be found inside, which was later reduced to an airwell when space became more precious (figure 6). It was built to cool the building before the air-conditioning was invented. Courtyards were typically for residence all over China especially in the less densely populated areas of the north where they were located at the central of the layout, which often surrounded by high walls. Besides, a lane was also allocated at the back of the shophouse as a sanitary lane. It is a space found in between two rows of shophouses that faced back to back. This lane allows bullock carts to collect night soil as well as for safety purpose, for example, allow access for a fire truck when required. Figure 4: Displaying their products at the five-foot way Figure 5: Ground floor of the shophouses has no front walls Figure 6: Airwell found in one of the shophouse 2. 3 Foreign architecture and design influence There are five types of shophouses, Traditional, Neoclassical, Dutch Patrician, Art Deco and Modern. There are three principal varieties of shop houses during 1930’s to 1940’s which are Utilitarian design is made by simple wooden shutters and a minimum of decorations. While the Neoclassical design had elaborate the Greek and Roman columns and arnately decorate the Greek and Roman columns and arnately decorated window frames, pediments, paraprets and cornices. However Art Deco is the simplest design which only use simplified lines and geometrical patterns to decorate. You read "China Town" in category "Papers" The Noeclassical style can by recognised by a Grecian pediment (figure 7) , columns (figure 8) and moulded plasters swags decorated the facade. Besides, some of the Neoclassical style include a parapet and the top of the building and ornate window frames. Different from the Neoclassical, Dutch Patrician design as a Dutch-inspired gable was adopted for the front facade of the shop houses. Figure 7: Neoclassical pediment Figure 8: Original style Neoclassical column Art Deco was started during 1930’s. The design only contain geometrical shapes and simplified lines were departure from the 1920’s style. The ground floor and windows are not original. This is because it is from traditional vernacular and Western Neoclassical styles to Early Modernism and International style. Art Deco style had marked the transition from traditional vernacular and Western Neoclassical styles to Early Modernism and International style. 3. 0 Analysis 3. 1 Compare and contrast between Kuala Lumpur’s Chinatown shophouses to the original foreign Neoclassical styles Figure 3. 1. 1: High ceiling found in Petaling Street shophouses(left) and St. George Hall, London(right). One of the special feature in Neoclassical architecture is high ceiling. High ceilings (Figure 3. . 1), tend to help to ventilate the air in the building through convection process, where the hot air rises and cool air sinks, as a result, the house will be cooling. The shophouses these days have a standard height of 8 metres, where space had become more precious besides saving cost. Figure 3. 1. 2: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Rue De Rivoli, Paris(right) painted in white o r pastel colours. Apart from the high ceiling, Neoclassical buildings are often painted in white or pastel colours (Figure 3. 1. 2). White and pastel colours are bright and attracts people’s attention. Furthermore, these colours are poor conductor of heat, they helps to reflect more of the visible light spectrum, causing the particular building to be as cooling as posible. This may be the reason why the buildings in Neoclassical period painted in this series of colour. Figure 3. 1. 3: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Arc De Thriump, Paris(right) with parapet on the top. Parapet (Figure 3. 1. 3) is a wall-like structure at the edge of a roof, which served as a fire wall, that prevents the flames from coming up to the exterior of the building, igniting the roofing membrane. In addition, it also modifieds the wind flow over the roof so that the pressure exerted is distributed evenly to prevent it from collapsing. Figure 3. 1. 4: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Madeleine Church, Paris(right) with pediment. A pediment is a classical architectural element which consist of the triangular section found on top of a building, supported by the columns. It is founded in the classical Greek temples, Renaissance, and Neoclassical architecture. The pediment of Madeleine Church, Paris is filled with relief sculptures while the one found in Petaling Street shophouses are filled with floral sculptures (Figure 3. . 4). Figure 3. 1. 5: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and New York City Hall(right) columns. A column is an upright pillar which supports a beam or a roof, sometimes it might just simple for decoration purposes. There are 3 types of columns which is doric (oldest and simplest of classical orders), ionic (more complex than doric, with a scroll on top) and corinthian (with most ornate). Ionic order is found in the Petaling Street shophouses, while New York City Hall contained the doric order (Figure 3. 1. 5). Figure 3. 1. 6: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and New York City Hall(right) are symmetrical. Symmetry and balance are the most pedominat characteristic of Neoclassical buildings. This feature is recognizable easily as the left and the right portion of the building is the same to maintain the balance of the building so that it does not fall (Figure 3. 1. 6). 3. 2 Compare and contrast between Kuala Lumpur’s Chinatown shophouses to the original foreign Art Deco styles Figure 3. 2. 1: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Caisse Nationale d’Economie, Monteal (right) with flag pole. Concrete flagpoles are one of the common feature of Art Deco buildings (Figure 3. 2. 1). The flagpoles are stretched from the top of the building with bands or motif sculptured at the base of the poles as if it is attached to the wall of facade. Figure 3. 2. 2: Petaling Street shophouses column(left) and Patel’s Building, Durban’s column(right). On the other hand, Petaling Street shophouses and Patel’s Building (Figure 3. 2. 2) both have geometrical shapes running down the column, which is also a common feature of Art Deco architecture. Nonetheless, Petaling Street’s column has a mixture of both Art Deco and Neoclassical styles as on top of it’s column, since there’s some swirls on it which belonged to Ionic order. Figure 3. 2. 3: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Caisse Nationale d’Economie, Monteal’s (right) mouldings. Furthermore, plaster moulding is another characteristic of Art Deco architecture. Shanghai plaster is commonly used as it provides the same visual effect as stone and it’s a cheaper building material. This finished plaster was usually left in it’s original colour, sometimes painted in the pastel colour of the era. The fine vertical lines plaster moulding at Petaling Street shophouses and Caisse Nationale d’Economie, Monteal are easily recognizable (Figure 3. 2. 3). Figure 3. 2. : Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Thorp Coffee House(right) stated the year it was built. To the contrary, Art Deco buildings usually state the year that it was built on the top of the building. For example, the particular Shophouse in Petaling Street was built in the year 1910, therefore, the figure 1910 is placed on the top of the building as well as for Thorp Coffee House (Figure 3. 2. 4). Figure 3. 2. 5: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Louis Hay’s Office(right) with air vents. Lastly, Art Deco buildings have horizontal air vents usually located above the windows (Figure 3. 2. 5). The air vent is placed above the window to cool down the interior of the building as hot air are less dense and rises up, thus, escaping through the air vents. 4. 0 Conclusion Through compare and contrast of the different style of the shop houses, we able find out that the different style of the shop houses was influence by different background. From the 18th century until now we can see that the style of the Chinese shop houses change according to the place the shop houses was built. Beside that, the structure of the shop houses also depends to the need of the owner and the period of time those shop houses was built. How to cite China Town, Papers

Cults in Nigeria free essay sample

The organization is dedicated to humanitarian and charitable endeavourers within Nigeria and whatever society the members find themselves. The Pirates Creed The Piratical aims of fighting all social ills and conformist degradation within and outside our midst stand supreme. These are translated into the creed which is supposed to act as a guide to our acts and thoughts and to the solutions to dilemmas that may face us in making choices in life.There are four compass points whose function is to give us founding principles upon which to direct our lives. ; Against Convention ; Against Tribalism ; For Humanistic Ideals ; For Comradeship and Calvary Certain psychological themes which recur in these various historical contexts also arise in the study of cults. Cults can be identified by three characteristics: 1. A charismatic leader who increasingly becomes an object of worship as the general principles that may have originally sustained the group lose their power; 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Cults in Nigeria or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A process call coercive persuasion or thought reform; 3. Anomic, sexual, and other exploitation of group members by the leader and the ruling coterie. Milieu Control The first method characteristically used by ideological totality is milieu control: the control of all communication within a given environment In such an environment individual autonomy becomes a threat to the group. There is an attempt to manage an individuals inner communication. Milieu control is maintained and expressed by intense group process, continuous psychological pressure, and isolation by geographical distance, unavailability of transportation, or even physical restraint. Often the group creates an increasingly intense sequence of events such as seminars, lectures and encounters which makes leaving extremely difficult, both physically and psychologically. Intense milieu control can contribute to a dramatic change of identity which I call doubling: the formation of a second self which lives side by side with the former one, often for a considerable time. When the milieu control is lifted, elements of the earlier self may be reasserted. Creating a Pawn A second characteristic of totalistic environments is mystical manipulation or planned spontaneity.This is a systematic process through which the dervish can create in cult members what I call the psychology of the pawn. The process is managed so that it appears to arise spontaneously; to its objects it rarely feels like manipulation. Religious techniques such as fasting chanting and limited sleep are used. Manipulation may take on a special intense quality in a cult for which a particular chosen human being is the only source of salvation. The person of the leader may attract members to the cult, but can also be a source of disillusionment.If members of the Unification Church, for example, come to believe that Sun Unsung Moon, its founder, is associated with the Korean Central Intelligence Agency, they may lose their faith. Mystical manipulation may also legitimate deception of outsiders, as in the heavenly deception of the Unification Church and analogous practices in other cult environments. Anyone who has not seen the light and therefore lives in the realm of evil can be justifiably deceived for a higher purpose.For instance, collectors of funds may be advised to deny their affiliation with a cult that has a dubious public reputation. Purity and Confession Two other features of totality are a demand for purity and a cult of confession. The demand for purity is a call for radical separation of good and evil within the environment and within oneself. Purification is a continuing process, often institutionalized in the cult of confession, which enforces conformity through guilt and shame evoked by mutual criticism and self- criticism in small groups.Confessions contain varying mixtures of revelation and concealment. As Albert Scams observed, Authors of confessions write especially to avoid confession, to tell nothing of what they know. Young cult members confessing the sins of their prelatic lives may leave out ideas and linings that they are not aware of or reluctant to discuss, including a continuing identification with their prior existence. Repetitious confession, especially in required meetings, often expresses an arrogance in the name of humility.As Scams wrote: l practice the profession of penitence to be able to end up as a judge, and, The more I accuse myself, the more I have a right to judge you. Three further aspects of ideological totality are sacred science, loading of the language, and the principle of doctrine over person Sacred science is important because a claim of being scientific is often needed to main plausibility and influence in the modern age. The Unification Church is one example of a contemporary tendency to combine dogmatic religious principles with a claim to special scientific knowledge of human behavior and psychology.The term loading the language refers to literalism and a tendency to deify words or images. A simplified, cliche-ridden language can exert enormous psychological force reducing every issue in a complicated life to a single set of slogans that are said to embody the truth as a totality. The principle of doctrine over person is invoked when cult members sense a inflict between what they are experiencing and what dogma says they should experience. The internalized message of the totalistic environment is that one must negate that personal exp erience on behalf of the truth of the dogma.Contradictions become associated with guilt: doubt indicates ones own deficiency or evil. Perhaps the most significant characteristic of totalistic movements is what I call dispensing of existence. Those who have not seen the light and embraced the truth are wedded to evil, tainted, and therefore in some sense, usually metaphorical, lack the right to exist. That is one reason why a cult member threatened with being cast into outer darkness may experience a fear of extinction or collapse. Ender particularly malignant conditions, the dispensing of existence is taken literally; in the Soviet Union, Nazi Germany, and elsewhere, people were put to death for alleged doctrinal shortcomings. In the Peoples Temple mass suicide-murder in Guyana, a cult leader presided over the literal dispensing of existence by means of a suicidal mystique he himself had made a central theme in the groups ideology. The totalistic impulse to draw a sharp line between those who have the right to eve and those who do not is especially dangerous in the nuclear age.Historical Context Totality should a lways be considered within a specific historical context. A significant feature of contemporary life is the historical (or psycho historical) dislocation resulting from a loss of the gym folic structures that organize ritual transitions in the life cycle, and a decay of belief systems concerning religion, authority, marriage, family, and death. One function of cults is to provide a group initiation rite for the transition to early adult life, and the formation of an adult identity outside the family.Cult members have good reasons for eyeing attempts by the larger culture to make such provisions as hypocritical or confused. In providing substitute symbols for young people, cults are both radical and reactionary. They are radical because they suggest rude questions about middle-class family life and American political and religious values in general. They are reactionary because they revive performed structures of authority and sometimes establish fascist patterns of internal organization.Furthermore, in their assault on autonomy and self-de finition some cults reject a liberating historical process that has evolved with great struggle and main in the West since the Renaissance. (Cults must be considered individually in making such judgments. Historical dislocation is one source of what I call the protean style. This involves a continuous psychological experimentation with the self, a capacity for endorsing contradictory ideas at the same time, and a tendency to change ones ideas, companions and way of life with relative ease.Cults embody a contrary restricted style, a flight from experimentation and the confusion of a protean world. These contraries are related: groups and individuals can embrace a protean and a restricted style n turn. For instance, the so-called hippie ethos of the sass and sass has been replaced by the present so-called Yuppie preoccupation with safe jobs and comfortable incomes. For some people, experimentation with a cult is part of the protean search. The imagery of extinction derived from the con temporary threat of nuclear war influences patterns of totality and fundamentalism throughout the world.Nuclear war threatens human continuity itself and impairs the symbols of immortality. Cults seize upon this threat to provide amortizing principles of their own. The cult environment plies a continuous opportunity for the experience Of transcendence a mode of symbolic immortality generally suppressed in advanced industrial society. Role of Psychology Cults raise serious psychological concerns, and there is a place for psychologists and psychiatrists in understanding and treating cult members. But our powers as mental health professionals are limited, so we should exercise restraint.When helping a young person confused about a cult situation, it is important to maintain a personal therapeutic contract so that one is not working for the cult or for the parents. Totality begets totality. What is called deprogramming includes a continuum from intense dialogue on the one hand to physical coercion and kidnapping, with thought-reform-like techniques, on the other. My own position, which I have repeatedly conveyed to parents and others who consult me, is to oppose coercion at either end of the cult process. Cults are primarily a social and cultural rather than a psychiatric or legal problem.But psychological professionals can make important contributions to the public education crucial for dealing with the problem. With greater knowledge about them, people are less susceptible to exception, and for that reason some cults have been finding it more difficult to recruit members. Yet painful moral dilemmas remain. When laws are violated through fraud or specific harm to recruits, legal intervention is clearly indicated. But what about situations in which behavior is virtually automated, language reduced to rote and cliche, yet the cult member expresses a certain satisfaction or even happiness?We must continue to seek ways to encourage a social commitment to individual autonomy and avoid coercion and violence. N destructive cults, members are manipulated and exploited, they may distance themselves from their family and friends and even leave their careers to work in the cult, often for little or no pay. Their own beliefs and values have been changed to those of the group, and they identify with the group and the leader. They suffer psychological and emotional abuse, and there may be physical or sexual abuse.And very often, at the same time, they believe that theyve never been happier in their lives. Such is the power of mind control! Usually there is an elitist mentality because they have acce ss to information or their leader in a way that outsiders do not. They become very defensive of their leader and in a way their identity and their well-being becomes linked the well-being of the leader. Hence, they will usually be very quick to defend him/her, often aggressively! In the most obvious cases, family and friends notice that there has been a significant change since the person joined the group.A change in their beliefs, attitudes, behaviors and values. They often say its like dealing with a different person. IMPACT ON SOCIETY When we think about cults in this way, it is obvious that they are detrimental to society in many ways. Nowadays, young and old alike are susceptible to eyeing recruited. When people think about cults they do not often consider older people, but nowadays old people are targets because they have money, and may be extremely vulnerable, for example, they find themselves living alone after the recent death of their spouse. When and if members manage to leave, they may need an extensive period of recuperation before they can integrate themselves usefully into society again. Some cults are so large that they have extraordinary (and frightening! )influence in the media, in politics, and in lawmaking. They may dominate whole communities. Some cults are violent, leading to suicides and murders. Destructive cults thrive on conspiracy and fraud, and the legal system is often ill-equipped to deal with them.Cults deny people their freedom. They take away their possessions. Frequently there is sexual abuse. Its possible that many mentally ill people have been in cults, and dont know it. The symptoms they have after leaving a cult are interpreted as mental illness (yes, post-cult symptoms can be that severe! ) And they are treated as such, instead of getting the advice and counseling from experts who understand their situation, and can actually help them to undo the harmful effects of cult mind control.